A young girl in a plain blue dress stands solemnly in front of empty animal cages at an old-fashioned zoo. Her expression is somber, and a uniformed man watches from a distance in the background.

Evelyne and Margarete Gundelfinger: A Childhood in the Files

This is Part 4 of a five-part series on the Sommerfeld family, focusing on Margarete Sommerfeld and her daughter Evelyne,who spent a decade caught in the Swiss welfare system.Part 1 is here. Part 2 is here. Part 3 is here. Part 5 is hereN.B. An Addendum can be found here, touching on Yvonne’s French military […]

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Victorian-era policemen uncover wicker baskets and wooden crates filled with silk in a dimly lit cellar, lanterns casting dramatic light.

From Wanted Man to Bookseller: The Reinventions of Georg Sommerfeld

This is Part 3 of a five-part series on the Sommerfeld family, focusing on Georg Sommerfeld’s path from bookseller to scandal and decline in Switzerland.Part 1 is here. Part 2 is here. Part 3 is here. Part 5 is hereN.B. An Addendum can be found here, touching on Yvonne’s French military connections. Setting the Stage:

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Barbed wire fence and brick barracks inside Auschwitz concentration camp on a foggy day, symbolizing Holocaust imprisonment and loss.

Yvonne Sommerfeld’s Family: Survival and Loss Under the Third Reich

This is Part 2 of a five-part series on the Sommerfeld family, tracing the fates of the wider family—so many of whom were caught up in the Holocaust.Part 1 is here. Part 2 is here. Part 3 is here. Part 5 is hereN.B. An Addendum can be found here, touching on Yvonne’s French military connections.

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Molten gold being poured from a crucible into a mould, sparks flying in the dark.

Independent Confirmation: Swiss Newspapers on the Jakobs–Goldstein Fraud

This piece is a follow-up to my 4-part series on Werner Adolf Goldstein.Part 1 is here, Part 2 is here, Part 3 is here & Part 4 is here. In earlier posts (see above), I explored the gold-related frauds of Josef Jakobs and Werner Goldstein based on Josef’s MI5 interrogations as well as brief notices

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Rows of old archival case files and folders stacked on wooden shelves, many tied with string and labeled with handwritten tags.

Working with Swiss Archive Documents: Human + AI in the Trenches

When I first tried using ChatGPT for historical research, I called it a complete waste of time. It invented sources, botched facts, and turned one MI5 officer into a Frankenstein composite of random facts. I closed the tabs and went back to sifting through archives. Two years later, the Swiss Archives dropped a mountain of

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Film review header image featuring an old film projector on the left and the documentary poster for “Edward VIII: Britain’s Traitor King” on the right.

Film Review – Edward VIII: Britain’s Traitor King (2022)

I have been wanting to watch the film, Edward VIII: Britain’s Traitor King, for several years and finally found the chance to sit down and have a look. The former King Edward VIII has always intrigued me. One wonders how differently history might have played out if he hadn’t abdicated. This film makes me wonder

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Book cover of Beating the Nazi Invader by Neil R. Storey beside the words “Book Review” on a background of library bookshelves.

Book Review – Beating the Nazi Invader – Neil R. Storey (2020)

The Book Beating the Nazi Invader: Hitler’s Spies, Saboteurs and Secrets in Britain 1940; Neil R. Storey; Pen & Sword Books; 2020. Summary From there, the reader is introduced to Nazi Party activities in London prior to the war. Most of these were directed at current or former German nationals, and MI6 felt it was

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Black-and-white image of three jockeys mid-jump over a hedge fence during a steeplechase, with a grandstand and large crowd in the background.

The Farmer Who Wasn’t: Clifford Beechener, Jockey, Trainer, Spy-Catcher

Most accounts of Gösta Caroli’s capture in September 1940 note that he was apprehended by a farmer in Northamptonshire. This is true enough—but “farmer” hardly does Clifford Charles Beechener justice. He was also a celebrated steeplechase jockey, a respected trainer with winners to his name, and a man whose photograph had appeared in the sporting

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